Input Parameters

Results

--
D-Factor (R/OD)
--
Wall Thinning (outer)
%
--
Outer Fiber Elongation
%
--
Arc Length
in
Note: Minimum D-factor of 3.0 recommended for hydraulic tube. Use mandrel bending for D < 2.0.

Reference

Wall Thinning % ≈ OD / (4R) × 100 | Elongation % ≈ OD / (2R) × 50 | Arc Length = R × θ (radians)